Ephesus Ancient City: A Timeless Wonder of Turkiye

Introduction

Nestled near the modern-day town of Selçuk in Turkey’s İzmir province, Ephesus is one of the most impressive and best-preserved ancient cities in the world. Once a thriving Greco-Roman metropolis and a center of early Christianity, Ephesus offers visitors a breathtaking journey through centuries of art, architecture, and mythology. Walking its marble streets is like stepping into a living museum, where every stone tells a story.

The Founding Legend of Ephesus

According to legend, Ephesus was founded by Androklos, the son of King Codros of Athens. Guided by an oracle at Delphi, Androklos was told to settle where a fish and a boar would indicate. The prophecy came true near the Aegean coast, where a burning fish startled a wild boar—leading Androklos to the site that would become Ephesus. This mythical foundation story connects Ephesus deeply to divine destiny and classical mythology, and the city would later become home to the powerful Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

A Brief Historical Overview

Founded in the 10th century BCE, Ephesus flourished under various rulers including the Greeks, Lydians, Persians, and Romans. During Roman times, the city reached its golden age, becoming the capital of Asia Minor and home to over 250,000 residents. Ephesus played a pivotal role in the spread of Christianity—St. Paul preached here, and it’s believed the Virgin Mary spent her final years nearby.

Top Highlights to See

• Celsus Library: An iconic structure built in honor of Roman senator Tiberius Julius Celsus. Its elegant facade remains one of the most photographed ruins in Turkey.
• The Great Theatre: Seating up to 25,000 spectators, this massive theatre hosted gladiator fights, plays, and public assemblies.
• Terrace Houses: Also known as the “houses of the rich,” these well-preserved homes reveal the luxurious lifestyle of elite Ephesians.
• Temple of Artemis: Although only one column remains today, this was once one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
• Marble Street & Curetes Street: Walk where ancient citizens once strolled, lined with columns, statues, and intricate reliefs.

How to Get There

Ephesus is located about 3 km from Selçuk and 70 km south of İzmir. Visitors can reach Selçuk via train, bus, or rental car. From Selçuk, local minibuses (dolmuş) and taxis provide quick access to the site.

Best Time to Visit

The ideal time to explore Ephesus is in spring (April–June) or autumn (September–October), when the weather is mild and the crowds are fewer. Early morning visits offer cooler temperatures and beautiful lighting for photography.

Nearby Attractions

• House of the Virgin Mary: A pilgrimage site believed to be where Mary spent her last years.
• Basilica of St. John: A 6th-century basilica built over the believed burial site of the Apostle John.
• Şirince Village: A charming hillside town famous for its wine and preserved architecture.
• Selçuk Castle: Offering panoramic views of the region.

Travel Tips

• Wear comfortable shoes—there’s a lot of walking on uneven stone paths.
• Bring water, sunscreen, and a hat, especially in summer.
• Consider hiring a licensed guide or using an audio guide for deeper insight.
• The lower and upper entrances are 1.5 km apart—plan your route accordingly.