Cehennemağzı Mağaraları – Zonguldak: The Mythical Gates of the Underworld in Türkiye

Nestled in the Ereğli district of Zonguldak, Cehennemağzı Mağaraları—translated as “Hell’s Mouth Caves”—offer a unique blend of mythology, archaeology, and natural wonder. These three interconnected caves are more than geological formations; they are ancient sanctuaries rooted in the myth of Hercules and the Twelve Labors, serving as a captivating gateway into the religious and cultural past of Türkiye’s Black Sea region.

According to Greek mythology, one of Hercules’ twelve labors was to capture the three-headed dog Cerberus from the underworld. Legend has it that the entrance to Hades was located right here in Ereğli, and the Cehennemağzı Mağaraları served as the portal to the afterlife. These caves, therefore, are not only natural wonders but also revered as sacred spaces by early Christians, who used them as secret places of worship during times of Roman persecution.

The cave complex consists of three main sections: the First Cave (Kilise Mağarası or Church Cave), the Second Cave (In Cave), and the Third Cave (Hell’s Mouth Proper). The Church Cave is particularly significant, showcasing early Christian iconography carved into the stone. With steps leading into an underground chamber resembling a chapel, it contains a mosaic-covered floor and columns that indicate its use as a clandestine place of worship. Despite centuries of erosion, this chamber retains an atmosphere of reverence and mystery.

The In Cave, accessible via a short path from the first, is more natural in formation. It features intricate stalactites and stalagmites, illuminated softly to enhance the atmosphere. Finally, the third cave—the one most directly tied to the myth of Hades—is a yawning chasm with high humidity and echoing acoustics, emphasizing the cave’s ominous aura and living up to its “Hell’s Mouth” name.

Archaeological excavations and historical studies indicate that these caves have been in use since the Roman period. Inscriptions and artifacts found in the area suggest religious functions, and the Church Cave’s layout closely mirrors early Christian basilicas. These findings enhance the caves’ cultural importance and underscore their status as one of the region’s most intriguing historical landmarks.

The caves are easily accessible and are managed as a protected archaeological site. Interpretive signs and guided tours provide visitors with historical context, and the lighting system installed in the caves ensures a safe and immersive experience. Due to the relatively small size of the cave complex, a full visit takes approximately 30 to 45 minutes, making it an ideal cultural stop on a broader Black Sea itinerary.

Visiting Cehennemağzı Mağaraları is not only a journey into the earth but also into the heart of ancient mythology and early Christian heritage in Türkiye. It’s a rare opportunity to stand at the crossroads of legend and history, where natural beauty and human storytelling meet in the quiet shadows of the earth.