Sardis (Sart): A Timeless Journey to the Heart of Ancient Lydia

Sardis, the once-thriving capital of the Lydian Kingdom, holds an essential place in history. Located 90 km east of İzmir, near the Pactolus River, Now an active archaeological site, it is located in modern day Turkey, in Manisa Province, near the town of Sart. Sardis offers a fascinating glimpse into the ancient world. The city, which was the epicenter of wealth and innovation, is now a captivating archaeological site perfect for travelers seeking to immerse themselves in history.

Historical Significance of Sardis

Sardis was the heart of the Lydian civilization, dominating much of the Aegean region until the Persian invasion. The city is famously associated with King Croesus (560–546 BC), known for his immense wealth. In fact, Sardis is believed to be the birthplace of coinage, with the Lydians pioneering the first use of metal coins for trade. This innovation revolutionized commerce, cementing Sardis as a key trading hub.

After the Persian conquest, the city continued to thrive under the rule of Alexander the Great in 334 BC, who further embellished the city. Sardis later fell into decline after an earthquake in AD 17, but it was rebuilt by Emperor Tiberius and became a prosperous Roman city. Despite its later setbacks, including the destructive visit of Tamerlane in 1401, Sardis remains a symbol of resilience and historical importance.

Exploring the Ruins of Sardis

The ruins of Sardis are scattered around the village of Sart (Sartmustafa), set in a beautiful valley beneath the dramatic backdrop of craggy mountain ranges. The archaeological site, located at the eastern end of Sart village, offers a rich experience for visitors, with a range of well-preserved ruins dating back to various periods of the city’s history.

The Roman Road & Byzantine Shops
As you enter the site, you’ll walk along a Roman road, past a Byzantine latrine and rows of shops that once belonged to Jewish merchants. Many of these shops backed onto the great synagogue, an essential religious site. The drainage system, which features pipes buried in stone walls, showcases the engineering prowess of the ancient inhabitants. Notable inscriptions on the paving stones mark the city’s history, including one dedicated to Prince Germanicus in AD 17 or 43.

The Synagogue & Mosaic Floors
One of the most impressive structures on the site is the synagogue, renowned for its size and decorative beauty. The synagogue’s intricate geometric mosaics and coloured stone walls tell the story of Sardis’ diverse population. Adjacent to the synagogue lies the remains of a bathhouse and gymnasium, dating back to the 2nd century AD. These structures were once an essential part of daily life in Sardis before being abandoned after a Sassanian invasion in AD 616.

The Marble Court & Imperial Cult Hall
Another fascinating feature of the site is the Marble Court, part of the Hall of the Imperial Cult. While heavily restored, this two-storey structure provides a glimpse into the grandeur of the past, with beautifully chiselled Greek inscriptions and elegantly fluted columns. Behind the Marble Court, you’ll find an ancient swimming pool and rest area, adding to the site’s cultural and architectural significance.

Additional Sites to Explore

Across the road from the main archaeological site, excavations continue to uncover more of Sardis’ ancient past. Here, visitors can explore the remnants of the Lydian city wall, as well as a Roman house adorned with painted walls, built on top of an earlier Lydian residence.

Temple of Artemis

Just over 1 km south of Sart, the Temple of Artemis remains an impressive site, despite only a few columns standing from the once magnificent structure. The temple’s layout is still clearly visible, showcasing its grandeur. Nearby, you’ll find an altar that dates back to ancient times, later refurbished by Alexander the Great and the Romans. A small Byzantine church also clings to the southeastern corner of the temple.

As you head back toward İzmir, don’t miss the burial mounds of the Lydian kings, located just north of the highway. These softly rounded tumuli are a significant historical feature.

Why Visit Sardis?

A visit to Sardis offers more than just a journey through ruins – it’s an opportunity to step back in time and experience the greatness of the Lydian Kingdom and its lasting influence on trade, coinage, and culture. Whether you’re interested in ancient architecture, historical events, or simply seeking a peaceful, scenic location to explore, Sardis promises an unforgettable experience.

Getting There & Away

To reach Sardis, take a bus from İzmir otogar to Salihli (1½ hours, 90 km). From there, take a dolmuş to Sart (15 minutes, 9 km). Alternatively, buses run between Salihli and Manisa (1½ hours), making it easy to explore both destinations in a day.

Plan your trip today to explore the ruins of Sardis, where history comes alive against a backdrop of breathtaking natural beauty.