Gordion Ancient City, Ankara: Where Legends Meet Archaeology

Tucked away in the rolling steppes of central Anatolia, Gordion Ancient City is one of Türkiye’s most significant archaeological sites. Located near the modern town of Polatlı in Ankara Province, this ancient capital of Phrygia offers a fascinating glimpse into the lives of one of the earliest civilizations in Anatolia. Best known as the home of the legendary King Midas and the origin of the famous “Gordian Knot,” Gordion combines myth, history, and archaeological wonder in a compelling destination for travelers and history enthusiasts alike.

The Legacy of the Phrygians and King Midas

Gordion served as the political and cultural center of the Phrygian Kingdom during the early first millennium BCE. The city flourished between the 9th and 6th centuries BCE and was later occupied by the Persians, Macedonians, Romans, and Byzantines. The Phrygians were known for their advanced skills in architecture, music, and craftsmanship, and they left behind monumental tombs, complex urban structures, and a unique cultural legacy.

Perhaps the most captivating tale linked to Gordion is that of King Midas, the mythical ruler said to have turned everything he touched into gold. While the legend has been romanticized through time, archaeological excavations have revealed a tomb believed to belong to a Phrygian king—possibly Midas himself. This tumulus, called Tumulus MM (Midas Mound), is the largest burial mound in the region, reaching 53 meters in height and spanning 300 meters in diameter. Inside, archaeologists discovered one of the best-preserved wooden burial chambers from the Iron Age, along with lavish burial gifts including bronze vessels, wooden furniture, and textiles.

Discovering the Gordian Knot

The city’s fame also stems from the Gordian Knot legend. According to mythology, an oracle foretold that whoever could untie this impossibly tangled knot would rule all of Asia. When Alexander the Great arrived in Gordion in 333 BCE, he reportedly sliced the knot with his sword, fulfilling the prophecy and paving the way for his conquest of the Persian Empire. This tale adds a layer of mystique to the already rich historical tapestry of the site.

What to See at Gordion

Today, visitors can explore a variety of well-preserved and excavated structures across the ancient city, including:

• The Citadel Mound, showcasing city walls, gates, and foundations of monumental buildings dating from the Phrygian to the Hellenistic period.

• The Gordion Museum, located near the site, displays artifacts excavated from the region, including pottery, jewelry, and detailed reconstructions of Phrygian tombs.

• Dozens of burial mounds (tumuli) dot the landscape, offering insight into the burial customs and social hierarchy of ancient Phrygia.

• Walking paths and information panels allow visitors to explore the site independently while learning about the historical context.

The tranquil rural setting also enhances the experience, with the Sakarya River meandering nearby and the horizon framed by wheat fields and open skies.

How to Get There

Gordion is located about 70 kilometers southwest of Ankara.

• By Car: The drive takes around 1 hour from Ankara city center.

• By Train: Trains run to Polatlı from Ankara; from there, local taxis or minibuses can take visitors to Gordion.

• By Tour: Several guided tours operate from Ankara and include both transportation and expert interpretation of the site.

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit Gordion is between April and October, when the weather is mild and the site is most accessible. Spring offers blooming wildflowers across the landscape, while autumn provides a golden backdrop that echoes the tales of King Midas.