Discover Allianoi: The Lost Roman Spa Town Beneath the Waters of Yortanlı Dam

Hidden beneath the tranquil waters near modern-day Bergama in Turkey’s İzmir Province lies Allianoi, an ancient spa settlement that once flourished during the Roman Empire. Known for its therapeutic hot springs and remarkable architectural heritage, Allianoi is a captivating—albeit tragic—story of discovery, controversy, and loss.

Where is Allianoi?

Allianoi is located approximately 18 kilometers northeast of Bergama (ancient Pergamon), along the road to İvrindi. This archaeological treasure is now submerged within the Yortanlı Dam reservoir, a result of modern infrastructure clashing with cultural preservation.

A Recently Discovered Ancient Spa

Unlike many well-known ancient cities, Allianoi was a recent historical revelation. It was first mentioned in the 2nd century AD by Aelius Aristides, a renowned orator and healer, in his work Hieroi Logoi (Sacred Tales). His references to the healing waters suggest that Allianoi was a vital center of ancient medicine and hydrotherapy.

Layers of History: From Prehistoric Roots to Byzantine Life

• Prehistoric Traces: Excavations near Allianoi uncovered artifacts like Early Bronze Age Yortan vessels, flint tools, and stone axes, pointing to prehistoric activity in the area.

• Hellenistic Era: While no major structures from this period have survived, archaeological clues suggest that thermal baths may have existed here even before Roman rule.

• Roman Grandeur: The 2nd century AD saw Allianoi rise in prominence. Magnificent thermal baths, bridges, paved streets, and elegant structures like the nymphaeum (a monumental fountain), propylon (gateway), and residential insulae were built, reflecting the prosperity of the era. Allianoi was likely connected to Pergamon’s famous Asklepion, one of the most significant healing centers of antiquity.

• Byzantine Continuity: The spa town remained inhabited into the Byzantine period. Many Roman buildings were repurposed, and the baths continued to serve the local population, albeit with modifications.

The Controversy: Preservation vs. Progress

Allianoi’s rediscovery in the late 20th century sparked debates in Turkey and beyond. As the Yortanlı Dam neared completion, preservationists fought to protect the site. Unfortunately, in February 2011, the ruins were buried under sand and flooded, sealing Allianoi beneath the waters.

Why Visit (or Remember) Allianoi?

While Allianoi is no longer physically accessible, it serves as a powerful reminder of Turkey’s rich archaeological heritage and the delicate balance between development and cultural preservation. Travelers interested in ancient history can still explore nearby Bergama, home to the Asklepion, Acropolis, and Red Basilica, offering a glimpse into the region’s glorious past.

Travel Tips:

• Closest City: Bergama (Pergamon)
• Best Nearby Attractions: Pergamon Acropolis, Asklepion of Pergamon, Red Basilica
• Ideal For: History enthusiasts, archaeology lovers, cultural travelers