Discover the Red Basilica (Kızıl Avlu) in Bergama – A Monument of Ancient Mystery and Majesty

Standing as one of the most remarkable Roman structures in Anatolia, the Red Basilica (Turkish: Kızıl Avlu) in Bergama (ancient Pergamon) is an awe-inspiring testament to the city’s rich cultural heritage. Originally constructed in the 2nd century AD during the reign of Emperor Hadrian, this cathedral-sized complex was dedicated to the worship of Egyptian deities—notably Serapis, Isis, and Harpocrates—blending Roman and Egyptian religious traditions in a unique architectural marvel.

The Red Basilica is also known as the Red Courtyard (Serapeion) due to the distinctive red bricks used in its construction. Its massive central hall, once crowned with a giant dome, was surrounded by towers and courtyards, symbolizing the power and grandeur of Roman architecture. Today, its monumental ruins still dominate the landscape, offering visitors a glimpse into Pergamon’s imperial past.

A Sacred Site in Christian Tradition

The Red Basilica holds special significance in Christian history as well. In the Book of Revelation, St. John the Divine identified Pergamon as one of the Seven Churches of Asia, referring to it as the place “where Satan’s throne is.” Many scholars believe this is a reference to the city’s temples, including the Red Basilica, which later housed a Byzantine church within its walls. Today, the site remains a pilgrimage destination for Christian visitors exploring the early roots of the faith.

What to Expect During Your Visit

Located just off Kınık Street and easily accessible from Bergama’s town center, the Red Basilica invites travelers to wander through its colossal halls, admire ancient columns, and explore its surviving towers. Entry is affordable, typically around €3, and the site offers stunning photo opportunities, especially at sunset when the red bricks glow warmly against the Aegean sky.

Travel Tip

Don’t miss the Bergama Museum nearby, which showcases artifacts uncovered from the Red Basilica and other local excavation sites such as the Acropolis and Asclepion. Combining your visit to both the Basilica and the museum provides a richer understanding of Pergamon’s layered history—from its Hellenistic roots to Roman grandeur and Byzantine legacy.