Hattuşa – The Capital of the Hittite Empire

Located in the heart of Central Anatolia, Hattuşa (also spelled Hattusa or Hattusha) is one of Türkiye’s most significant archaeological treasures and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Once the thriving capital of the mighty Hittite Empire during the Late Bronze Age, Hattuşa offers visitors a rare chance to walk through ancient city gates, decipher cuneiform tablets, and immerse themselves in a civilization that rivaled the Egyptians and Assyrians.

History & Significance

Hattuşa was first settled around 2000 BCE by the Hatti people before becoming the capital of the Hittite Empire in the 17th century BCE under King Hattusili I. The Hittites were among the first civilizations to use iron and had a sophisticated legal system, religious pantheon, and international diplomacy. The Treaty of Kadesh, signed between the Hittites and the Egyptians, is one of the world’s oldest surviving peace treaties and a testament to their advanced society.

The ancient city was carefully planned with an upper city (religious and royal structures) and a lower city (residential and administrative quarters). Remarkable for its monumental gateways—such as the Lion Gate, King’s Gate, and Sphinx Gate—Hattuşa reveals the grandeur and engineering capabilities of its time. Its temples, palaces, and massive city walls, some stretching over 6 km, remain partially intact, providing a dramatic backdrop to the Anatolian plateau.

Nearby, the sanctuary of Yazılıkaya, with its well-preserved rock reliefs depicting Hittite gods and kings, adds another spiritual and artistic layer to the Hattuşa experience.

What to See

• The Great Temple: The largest religious building in Hattuşa, dedicated to the storm god and the sun goddess.

• The City Gates: The Lion Gate, King’s Gate, and Sphinx Gate showcase detailed stone carvings and military architecture.

• Yazılıkaya Sanctuary: An open-air temple with processional scenes of deities carved into the rocks.

• The Royal Citadel (Büyükkale): Offers panoramic views of the city and insights into royal life.

• Cuneiform Tablets Archive: Discovered on-site, many of these clay tablets are now housed in the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara.

How to Get There

Hattuşa is located near the modern village of Boğazkale in Çorum Province, Central Anatolia. The nearest major cities are Ankara (208 km) and Çorum (85 km).

• By Car: Renting a car from Ankara or Çorum is the most convenient way to reach the site. The roads are well-marked and scenic.

• By Bus: Regular buses run from Ankara and Çorum to Sungurlu, from where a taxi or dolmuş (minibus) can take you to Boğazkale.

• By Tour: Several guided day tours operate from Ankara, often including a visit to Yazılıkaya.

Best Time to Visit

The ideal time to explore Hattuşa is between April and October, when the weather is mild and dry. Summer offers clear skies and optimal light for photography, while spring brings blooming wildflowers to the surrounding landscape. Winters can be harsh with snow, making exploration difficult.

Tips for Visitors

• Wear sturdy walking shoes as the terrain is uneven and spread across a large area.

• Bring water, sunscreen, and a hat—especially in summer.

• A guide or audio guide is recommended to fully appreciate the historical depth of the site.

• Combine your visit with the Boğazköy Museum in the village center for artifacts and background information.